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The knowledge of all things is possible.
Leonardo da Vinci
Common Section
Engineering Mathematics: (i) Linear Algebra: Matrices, transpose, determinant, rank, eigenvalues and eigenvec-
tors, trace, adjoint, solutions to system of linear equations. (ii) Calculus: Functions of a single variable, limit, continuity,
differentiability, mean value theorems, indeterminate forms, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, double and triple
integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, gradient, di-
vergence and curl, vector identities. (iii) Differential Equations: First-order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher-order
linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace
transforms, solutions of heat, wave, and Laplace’s equations, Fourier series. (iv) Probability and Statistics: Axioms of prob-
ability, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, expectation, binomial, Poisson,
normal distributions, hypothesis testing, Probability Density Function (PDF), Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF).
(v) Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear algebraic equations, solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, integration by
trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules, finite differences, explicit single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
Basics of Mechatronics: (i) Network Elements: Ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C,
M elements. Network Solution Methods: Kirchoff’s laws (KCL, KVL), Node and Mesh analysis. Network Theorems:
Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition, Maximum Power Transfer theorem. Transient and AC Networks:
Transient response of DC and AC networks, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, two-port networks, balanced three-
phase circuits, complex power, power factor in AC circuits. (ii) Digital Circuits: Boolean algebra. Combinational Circuits:
multiplexers, encoders, decoders. Sequential Circuits: sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters. (iii) Sensors: Resistive sen-
sors, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, Hall effect sensors, associated signal conditioning circuits.
Transducers for Industrial Instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, pres-
sure. (iv) Actuators: Principles of operation, performance, torque-speed characteristics of hydraulic actuators, pneumatic
actuators, DC motors, stepper motors, servo motors. (v) Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams, equilibrium, fric-
tion and its applications, rolling friction, belt-pulley, trusses and frames, kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane
motion. (vi) Programming: Flowcharts and pseudo code; Programming in Python: data types, operators, expressions,
conditional statements (if, elif, else, case), looping statements (while, for), loop control statements (break and continue),
functions, arrays, dictionary, strings, recursion. (vii) Data Structures: Stack, queue, linked list, binary search tree, binary
heap, graph.
Principles of Rob otics and Automation: Robotic Classification: serial and parallel manipulators, geometrical
configuration, Links and joints, Coordinate systems and degrees-of-freedom, Rotation matrices in 2D and 3D, homoge-
neous transformations, forward kinematics. Robot Applications: point-to-point and continuous path control, types of
end-effectors, robot accuracy and repeatability. Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Automation in Manufacturing, Pro-
grammable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in manufacturing, Automated material handling systems, Automated storage and
retrieval systems, Automated identification, detection and capture systems, computer numerical control, Basics of single
and multi-axis positioning systems, Basics of concurrent design and manufacturing planning for automation.
Electrical Engineering
Analog Circuits and Embedded Systems: Analog Filters: low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject. Amplifiers:
biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response, feedback amplifiers, operational amplifiers, characteristics and applica-
tions. oscillators. Voltage Controlled Oscillators and timers. Schmitt triggers, sample and hold circuits, Analog-to-Digital
(A/D) converters, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters, Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). Embedded Systems: Mi-
croprocessor and microcontroller applications, components of microcontrollers, CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers, interrupt
handling, memory and input-output interfacing, basics of data acquisition systems.
Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete time signals, shifting and scaling properties, linear
time-invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic signals, Shannon’s
sampling theorem, Definitions and properties of Fourier Transform, Laplace Transform, Z transform, R.M.S. value, average
value calculation.
Control Systems: Mathematical modeling and representation of systems, feedback principle, transfer function, Block
diagrams, Signal flow graphs, Transient and Steady-state analysis of linear time-invariant systems. Stability analysis using:
Routh-Hurwitz, Nyquist criteria, Bode plots, Root Loci, Lag compensators, Lead compensators, Lead-Lag compensators,
P, PI and PID controllers.
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio, Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane
strain, thin cylinders, shear force and bending moment diagrams, bending stresses, shear stresses, concept of shear centre,
deflection of beams, torsion of circular shafts, Euler’s theory of columns, Castigliano’s theorems, thermal stresses, strain
gauges and rosettes, testing of materials with universal testing machine, testing of hardness and impact strength.
Kinematics and Dynamics: Displacement, velocity, acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms, dynamic analysis
of linkages, gears and gear trains, balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses, gyroscope. Vibrations: free and forced
vibration of single degree of freedom systems, the effect of damping, vibration isolation, resonance, critical speeds of shafts.
Machine Design and Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Design for static and dynamic loading, failure the-
ories, fatigue strength, the S-N diagram, principles of the design of machine elements such as, bolted, riveted and welded
joints, shafts, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes, clutches, springs, Basic concepts of Computer Aided Design
(CAD)/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and their integration tools, additive manufacturing.
PYQs: —
Bibliography: My Tastefully Curated Sources of Learning
1 Engineering Mathematics
Mathematics is the language in which God
has written the universe.
Galileo Galilei
This section develops the mathematical foundations required for Robotics and Automation.
1.1 Matrices
Placeholder content for matrices.
1.2 transpose
Placeholder content for transpose.
1.3 determinant
Placeholder content for determinant.
1.4 rank
Placeholder content for rank.
1.5 eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Placeholder content for eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
1.6 trace
Placeholder content for trace.
1.7 adjoint
Placeholder content for adjoint.
1.8 solutions to system of linear equations
Placeholder content for solutions to system of linear equations.
1.9 Functions of a single variable
Placeholder content for functions of a single variable.
1.10 limit
Placeholder content for limit.
1.11 continuity
Placeholder content for continuity.
1.12 differentiability
Placeholder content for differentiability.
1.13 mean value theorems
Placeholder content for mean value theorems.
1.14 indeterminate forms
Placeholder content for indeterminate forms.
1.15 evaluation of definite and improper integrals
Placeholder content for evaluation of definite and improper integrals.
1
1.16 double and triple integrals
Placeholder content for double and triple integrals.
1.17 partial derivatives
Placeholder content for partial derivatives.
1.18 total derivative
Placeholder content for total derivative.
1.19 Taylor series (in one and two variables)
Placeholder content for taylor series (in one and two variables).
1.20 maxima and minima
Placeholder content for maxima and minima.
1.21 gradient
Placeholder content for gradient.
1.22 divergence and curl
Placeholder content for divergence and curl.
1.23 vector identities
Placeholder content for vector identities.
1.24 First-order equations (linear and nonlinear)
Placeholder content for first-order equations (linear and nonlinear).
1.25 higher-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients
Placeholder content for higher-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
1.26 Euler-Cauchy equation
Placeholder content for euler-cauchy equation.
1.27 initial and boundary value problems
Placeholder content for initial and boundary value problems.
1.28 Laplace transforms
Placeholder content for laplace transforms.
1.29 solutions of heat, wave, and Laplace’s equations
Placeholder content for solutions of heat, wave, and laplace’s equations.
1.30 Fourier series
Placeholder content for fourier series.
1.31 Axioms of probability
Placeholder content for axioms of probability.
1.32 conditional probability
Placeholder content for conditional probability.
1.33 mean
Placeholder content for mean.
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1.34 median
Placeholder content for median.
1.35 mode
Placeholder content for mode.
1.36 standard deviation
Placeholder content for standard deviation.
1.37 random variables
Placeholder content for random variables.
1.38 expectation
Placeholder content for expectation.
1.39 binomial
Placeholder content for binomial.
1.40 Poisson
Placeholder content for poisson.
1.41 normal distributions
Placeholder content for normal distributions.
1.42 hypothesis testing
Placeholder content for hypothesis testing.
1.43 Probability Density Function (PDF)
Placeholder content for probability density function (pdf).
1.44 Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
Placeholder content for cumulative distribution function (cdf).
1.45 Solutions of linear algebraic equations
Placeholder content for solutions of linear algebraic equations.
1.46 solutions of non-linear algebraic equations
Placeholder content for solutions of non-linear algebraic equations.
1.47 integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules
Placeholder content for integration by trapezoidal and simpson’s rules.
1.48 finite differences
Placeholder content for finite differences.
1.49 explicit single and multi-step methods for differential equations
Placeholder content for explicit single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
3
2 Basics of Mechatronics
The interface between mechanical and
electrical engineering is where the future lies.
Unknown
This section introduces the electrical, digital, sensing, actuation, mechanics, programming and data-structure founda-
tions of mechatronics.
2.1 Ideal voltage and current sources
Placeholder content for ideal voltage and current sources.
2.2 dependent sources
Placeholder content for dependent sources.
2.3 R, L, C, M elements
Placeholder content for r, l, c, m elements.
2.4 Kirchoff’s laws (KCL, KVL)
Placeholder content for kirchoff’s laws (kcl, kvl).
2.5 Node and Mesh analysis
Placeholder content for node and mesh analysis.
2.6 Thevenin’s theorem
Placeholder content for thevenin’s theorem.
2.7 Norton’s theorem
Placeholder content for norton’s theorem.
2.8 Superposition
Placeholder content for superposition.
2.9 Maximum Power Transfer theorem
Placeholder content for maximum power transfer theorem.
2.10 Transient response of DC and AC networks
Placeholder content for transient response of dc and ac networks.
2.11 sinusoidal steady-state analysis
Placeholder content for sinusoidal steady-state analysis.
2.12 resonance
Placeholder content for resonance.
2.13 two-port networks
Placeholder content for two-port networks.
2.14 balanced three-phase circuits
Placeholder content for balanced three-phase circuits.
2.15 complex power
Placeholder content for complex power.
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2.16 power factor in AC circuits
Placeholder content for power factor in ac circuits.
2.17 Boolean algebra
Placeholder content for boolean algebra.
2.18 multiplexers
Placeholder content for multiplexers.
2.19 encoders
Placeholder content for encoders.
2.20 decoders
Placeholder content for decoders.
2.21 sequential circuits
Placeholder content for sequential circuits.
2.22 flip-flops
Placeholder content for flip-flops.
2.23 counters
Placeholder content for counters.
2.24 Resistive sensors
Placeholder content for resistive sensors.
2.25 capacitive sensors
Placeholder content for capacitive sensors.
2.26 inductive sensors
Placeholder content for inductive sensors.
2.27 piezoelectric sensors
Placeholder content for piezoelectric sensors.
2.28 Hall effect sensors
Placeholder content for hall effect sensors.
2.29 associated signal conditioning circuits
Placeholder content for associated signal conditioning circuits.
2.30 displacement
Placeholder content for displacement.
2.31 linear
Placeholder content for linear.
2.32 angular
Placeholder content for angular.
2.33 velocity
Placeholder content for velocity.
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2.34 acceleration
Placeholder content for acceleration.
2.35 force
Placeholder content for force.
2.36 torque
Placeholder content for torque.
2.37 Pressure
Placeholder content for pressure transducers.
2.38 Pressure
Placeholder content for pressure transducers.
2.39 Principles of operation
Placeholder content for principles of operation.
2.40 performance
Placeholder content for performance.
2.41 torque-speed characteristics
Placeholder content for torque-speed characteristics.
2.42 hydraulic actuators
Placeholder content for hydraulic actuators.
2.43 pneumatic actuators
Placeholder content for pneumatic actuators.
2.44 DC motors
Placeholder content for dc motors.
2.45 stepper motors
Placeholder content for stepper motors.
2.46 servo motors
Placeholder content for servo motors.
2.47 Free-body diagrams
Placeholder content for free-body diagrams.
2.48 equilibrium
Placeholder content for equilibrium.
2.49 friction and its applications
Placeholder content for friction and its applications.
2.50 rolling friction
Placeholder content for rolling friction.
2.51 belt-pulley
Placeholder content for belt-pulley.
6
2.52 trusses and frames
Placeholder content for trusses and frames.
2.53 kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion
Placeholder content for kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion.
2.54 Flowcharts and pseudo code
Placeholder content for flowcharts and pseudo code.
2.55 data types
Placeholder content for data types.
2.56 operators
Placeholder content for operators.
2.57 expressions
Placeholder content for expressions.
2.58 conditional statements (if, elif, else, case)
Placeholder content for conditional statements (if, elif, else, case).
2.59 looping statements (while, for)
Placeholder content for looping statements (while, for).
2.60 loop control statements (break and continue)
Placeholder content for loop control statements (break and continue).
2.61 functions
Placeholder content for functions.
2.62 arrays
Placeholder content for arrays.
2.63 dictionary
Placeholder content for dictionary.
2.64 strings
Placeholder content for strings.
2.65 recursion
Placeholder content for recursion.
2.66 Stack
Placeholder content for stack.
2.67 queue
Placeholder content for queue.
2.68 linked list
Placeholder content for linked list.
2.69 binary search tree
Placeholder content for binary search tree.
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2.70 binary heap
Placeholder content for binary heap.
2.71 graph
Placeholder content for graph.
8
3 Principles of Robotics and Automation
The future of robotics is not about replacing
humans, but about augmenting human
capabilities.
Unknown
This section develops the fundamental principles of robotic systems and automated manufacturing.
3.1 serial and parallel manipulators
Placeholder content for serial and parallel manipulators.
3.2 geometrical configuration
Placeholder content for geometrical configuration.
3.3 Links and joints
Placeholder content for links and joints.
3.4 Coordinate systems and degrees-of-freedom
Placeholder content for coordinate systems and degrees-of-freedom.
3.5 Rotation matrices in 2D and 3D
Placeholder content for rotation matrices in 2d and 3d.
3.6 homogeneous transformations
Placeholder content for homogeneous transformations.
3.7 forward kinematics
Placeholder content for forward kinematics.
3.8 point-to-point and continuous path control
Placeholder content for point-to-point and continuous path control.
3.9 types of end-effectors
Placeholder content for types of end-effectors.
3.10 robot accuracy and repeatability
Placeholder content for robot accuracy and repeatability.
3.11 Automation in Manufacturing
Placeholder content for automation in manufacturing.
3.12 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in manufacturing
Placeholder content for programmable logic controllers (plcs) in manufacturing.
3.13 Automated material handling systems
Placeholder content for automated material handling systems.
3.14 Automated storage and retrieval systems
Placeholder content for automated storage and retrieval systems.
3.15 Automated identification, detection and capture systems
Placeholder content for automated identification, detection and capture systems.
9
3.16 computer numerical control
Placeholder content for computer numerical control.
3.17 Basics of single and multi-axis positioning systems
Placeholder content for basics of single and multi-axis positioning systems.
3.18 Basics of concurrent design and manufacturing planning for automation
Placeholder content for basics of concurrent design and manufacturing planning for automation.
10
4 Analog Circuits and Embedded Systems
In electronics, the circuit is the canvas and
the current is the paint.
Unknown
This section covers the analog and embedded-system foundations used in robotic and automated systems.
4.1 low-pass
Placeholder content for low-pass.
4.2 high-pass
Placeholder content for high-pass.
4.3 band-pass
Placeholder content for band-pass.
4.4 band-reject
Placeholder content for band-reject.
4.5 biasing
Placeholder content for biasing.
4.6 equivalent circuit and frequency response
Placeholder content for equivalent circuit and frequency response.
4.7 feedback amplifiers
Placeholder content for feedback amplifiers.
4.8 operational amplifiers
Placeholder content for operational amplifiers.
4.9 characteristics and applications
Placeholder content for characteristics and applications.
4.10 oscillators
Placeholder content for oscillators.
4.11 Voltage Controlled Oscillators and timers
Placeholder content for voltage controlled oscillators and timers.
4.12 Schmitt triggers
Placeholder content for schmitt triggers.
4.13 sample and hold circuits
Placeholder content for sample and hold circuits.
4.14 Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters
Placeholder content for analog-to-digital (a/d) converters.
4.15 Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters
Placeholder content for digital-to-analog (d/a) converters.
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4.16 Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Placeholder content for switched mode power supplies (smps).
4.17 Microprocessor and microcontroller applications
Placeholder content for microprocessor and microcontroller applications.
4.18 components of microcontrollers
Placeholder content for components of microcontrollers.
4.19 CPU
Placeholder content for cpu.
4.20 memory
Placeholder content for memory.
4.21 I/O ports
Placeholder content for i/o ports.
4.22 timers
Placeholder content for timers.
4.23 interrupt handling
Placeholder content for interrupt handling.
4.24 memory and input-output interfacing
Placeholder content for memory and input-output interfacing.
4.25 basics of data acquisition systems
Placeholder content for basics of data acquisition systems.
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5 Signals and Systems
Every signal carries a message; the art is in
learning how to listen.
Unknown
This section develops the representation and analysis of signals and systems.
5.1 Representation of continuous and discrete time signals
Placeholder content for representation of continuous and discrete time signals.
5.2 shifting and scaling properties
Placeholder content for shifting and scaling properties.
5.3 linear time-invariant and causal systems
Placeholder content for linear time-invariant and causal systems.
5.4 Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic
signals
Placeholder content for fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic signals.
5.5 Shannon’s sampling theorem
Placeholder content for shannon’s sampling theorem.
5.6 Definitions and properties of Fourier Transform
Placeholder content for definitions and properties of fourier transform.
5.7 Laplace Transform
Placeholder content for laplace transform.
5.8 Z transform
Placeholder content for z transform.
5.9 R.M.S. value
Placeholder content for r.m.s. value.
5.10 average value calculation
Placeholder content for average value calculation.
13
6 Control Systems
Control engineering is the art of taming
uncertainty to achieve desired b ehavior.
Unknown
This section introduces the modeling, analysis and control of dynamic systems.
6.1 Mathematical modeling and representation of systems
Placeholder content for mathematical modeling and representation of systems.
6.2 feedback principle
Placeholder content for feedback principle.
6.3 transfer function
Placeholder content for transfer function.
6.4 Block diagrams
Placeholder content for block diagrams.
6.5 Signal flow graphs
Placeholder content for signal flow graphs.
6.6 Transient and Steady-state analysis of linear time-invariant systems
Placeholder content for transient and steady-state analysis of linear time-invariant systems.
6.7 Routh-Hurwitz
Placeholder content for routh-hurwitz.
6.8 Nyquist criteria
Placeholder content for nyquist criteria.
6.9 Bode plots
Placeholder content for bode plots.
6.10 Root Loci
Placeholder content for root loci.
6.11 Lag compensators
Placeholder content for lag compensators.
6.12 Lead compensators
Placeholder content for lead compensators.
6.13 Lead-Lag compensators
Placeholder content for lead-lag compensators.
6.14 P, PI and PID controllers
Placeholder content for p, pi and pid controllers.
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7 Mechanics of Materials
Materials are the building blocks of
civilization; their mechanics govern what we
can build.
Unknown
This section develops the mechanics needed to analyze stresses, strains and deformation in materials.
7.1 Stress and strain
Placeholder content for stress and strain.
7.2 elastic constants
Placeholder content for elastic constants.
7.3 Poisson’s ratio
Placeholder content for poisson’s ratio.
7.4 Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain
Placeholder content for mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain.
7.5 thin cylinders
Placeholder content for thin cylinders.
7.6 shear force and bending moment diagrams
Placeholder content for shear force and bending moment diagrams.
7.7 bending stresses
Placeholder content for bending stresses.
7.8 shear stresses
Placeholder content for shear stresses.
7.9 concept of shear centre
Placeholder content for concept of shear centre.
7.10 deflection of beams
Placeholder content for deflection of beams.
7.11 torsion of circular shafts
Placeholder content for torsion of circular shafts.
7.12 Euler’s theory of columns
Placeholder content for euler’s theory of columns.
7.13 Castigliano’s theorems
Placeholder content for castigliano’s theorems.
7.14 thermal stresses
Placeholder content for thermal stresses.
7.15 strain gauges and rosettes
Placeholder content for strain gauges and rosettes.
15
7.16 testing of materials with universal testing machine
Placeholder content for testing of materials with universal testing machine.
7.17 testing of hardness and impact strength
Placeholder content for testing of hardness and impact strength.
16
8 Kinematics and Dynamics
Dynamics is the study of forces and
motion—the heartbeat of every machine.
Unknown
This section develops the kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms and machines.
8.1 Displacement
Placeholder content for displacement.
8.2 velocity
Placeholder content for velocity.
8.3 acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms
Placeholder content for acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms.
8.4 dynamic analysis of linkages
Placeholder content for dynamic analysis of linkages.
8.5 gears and gear trains
Placeholder content for gears and gear trains.
8.6 balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses
Placeholder content for balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses.
8.7 gyroscope
Placeholder content for gyroscope.
8.8 free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems
Placeholder content for free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems.
8.9 the effect of damping
Placeholder content for the effect of damping.
8.10 vibration isolation
Placeholder content for vibration isolation.
8.11 resonance
Placeholder content for resonance.
8.12 critical speeds of shafts
Placeholder content for critical speeds of shafts.
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9 Machine Design and Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Design is not just what it looks like and feels
like. Design is how it works.
Steve Jobs
This section covers machine design and computer-integrated manufacturing.
9.1 Design for static and dynamic loading
Placeholder content for design for static and dynamic loading.
9.2 failure theories
Placeholder content for failure theories.
9.3 fatigue strength
Placeholder content for fatigue strength.
9.4 the S-N diagram
Placeholder content for the s-n diagram.
9.5 principles of the design of machine elements
Placeholder content for principles of the design of machine elements.
9.6 bolted joints
Placeholder content for bolted joints.
9.7 riveted joints
Placeholder content for riveted joints.
9.8 welded joints
Placeholder content for welded joints.
9.9 shafts
Placeholder content for shafts.
9.10 rolling contact bearings
Placeholder content for rolling contact bearings.
9.11 sliding contact bearings
Placeholder content for sliding contact bearings.
9.12 brakes
Placeholder content for brakes.
9.13 clutches
Placeholder content for clutches.
9.14 springs
Placeholder content for springs.
9.15 Basic concepts of Computer Aided Design (CAD)/Computer Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) and their integration tools
Placeholder content for basic concepts of computer aided design (cad)/computer aided manufacturing (cam) and their
integration tools.
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9.16 additive manufacturing
Placeholder content for additive manufacturing.
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My Tastefully Curated Sources of Learning
I cannot remember the books I’ve read any
more than the meals I have eaten; even so,
they have made me.
Ralph Waldo Emerson